A letter of recommendation is only as useful as it is honest. Before you ask me to write one, it's worth making sure I'm the right person to ask.
Before requesting a letter, it is worth asking yourself whether I am the right person to write it. A strong letter requires that I know your work well. At a minimum, this means you should have taken courses with me in which I have been able to evaluate your work directly, and that you have performed well in them. If you are applying to graduate programs in political theory, you should normally have earned an A− or A in your courses with me. If you are unsure whether I can write you a strong letter, feel free to ask me.
I only write confidential letters, and I will only submit or send them directly to the intended recipient.
I write a large number of letters every year, and I cannot guarantee timely submission without this lead time. The exception is if I have previously written a letter for you and it does not require substantial updating — but even then, I need at least a week's notice.
Most programs now use online submission portals. Unless you tell me otherwise, I will assume this is the case and expect to receive submission links by email. It is your responsibility to make sure those links reach me in time.
Good luck.